File System
The term filesystem means a way to organize files. Everything in linux is a
file, from screen, sockets, commands, mouse, keyboard etc. Linux everything
under the root filesystem, The folder include .etc file that is mounted on
computer when start runnning.
/bin
Represent binaries and include most of the os binaries. some of the you might
know: ls,mv,cp,pwd and more commmands. Most of the tools that install
system application mount there binaries in this folder, apt, wget, yum.
/user/bin: A representation of a disk. In the past large amount of pc
devices where low in memory, by adding new disk now linux could add new
bineraies. Today pc devices as a large amount of disk space, in other word the
solution is not needed, to fix the double bin folder linux new version linked
/bin into /usr/bin.
/boot
Hold boot realated stuff. On system start the files inside this folder are mounted into RAM. In addition hold the kernel version.
/dev
No its not short of development but devices. The files inside the folder are interfaces for the diffrent devices.
/etc
Include all of the configuration files.